Designing an immunized portfolio: Is M-squared the key?

The theoretical and empirical properties of M-squared, a measure of cash flow dispersion used in designing duration-hedged portfolios, are examined. Contrary to prior research, minimizing M-squared is not independent of the stochastic process and the minimum M-squared portfolio is a ‘bullet’ only under a specific, convexity condition derived in the paper.Using a data base of default-free, Government of Canada bonds to set up minimum M-squared, duration-matching portfolios, we find that the convexity property does not hold in general and that minimum M-squared portfolios fail to hedge as effectively as portfolios including a bond maturing on the horizon date.     

领导任职期限设置的经济解释--激励与效率损失的权衡

领导任职期限制度能激励个人在管理技能培养上进行投入,这有利于增加社会总剩余;然而,任职期限制度在提供激励的同时,也造成了潜在效率的损失。领导任职期限的设置是这二者之间权衡的结果。本文通过一个两阶段博弈的分析框架,利用动态的局部均衡权衡模型,从个人收益最大化和社会总剩余最大化的相互作用中,推导出了社会最优的领导任职期限。在我们的动态的局部均衡权衡模型中,个人投入水平是任职期限制度的内生产物。     

Earnings dynamics in Canada: an econometric analysis

This paper reports the results of an empirical analysis of earnings dynamics in the Canadian labour market based on earnings data based drawn from tax returns between 1982 and 1994. Individuals' movements up and down quintiles of the earnings distribution are analysed using a hazard model approach. This represents one of the first studies for any country which models mobility across the entire distribution of earnings, including the middle and upper ranges as well as the lower ranges. The effects on transitions between quintiles are analyzed for the following variables: elapsed time spent in a given quintile (i.e., duration dependence effects), age, sex, geographical region, area size of residence, family status, language and overall macroeconomic conditions. One principal finding is that the conditional probability of transiting up or down the earnings distribution depends negatively on the elapsed time that an individual has spent in a given quintile. The earnings mobility patterns appear to be cyclical and exhibit some tendency of reversion to the mean, whereby the conditional probability of upward (downward) mobility is higher for those individuals presently situated in the lower (higher) quintiles.     

东亚国家钉住汇率制度的可持续性研究

本文运用生存分析法，对东亚9国近60年钉住汇率制度的可持续性进行了实证研究。结果表明，东亚国家维持稳定的钉住汇率制度的总“生存时间”至多为51年，其影响因素主要是国内经济变量，故一国若要实现钉住汇率制度的维持与存续，需要保持相对较低的物价和利率水平，以及相对较高的货币供给增长率和国内信贷水平。     

基于交易量持续期的流动性研究

本文充分利用我国限价指令驱动市场分笔数据所包含的信息。在交易量持续期的基础上，提出一个符合限价指令驱动市场特征的流动性指标，并从市场微观结构理论出发．选取了非对称信息的若干代理变量，分析非对称信息对市场流动性的影响程度。对万科A、B股的实证结果发现：（1）交易量持续期拥有信息含量，看涨行情会导致交易强度增大，看跌行情则导致较长的持续期。这反映了卖空限制的作用和投资者的追涨行为。（2）非对称信息是影响流动性水平的重要因素，投资者看法差异严重、价格剧烈波动以及长的交易量持续期导致市场流动性降低。     

金融机构宏观套期保值的违约损失率模型:久期模型的一个扩展

传统的久期模型实现风险免疫的前提条件是利率变动幅度非常小。当利率变化较大幅度时,久期匹配不足以实现良好免疫,此时凸性对价格变动有正的影响。此外,传统的久期和凸性分析都没有考虑违约风险的存在,这将导致免疫失败。现代金融机构的宏观套期保值必须在考虑违约风险的基础上将久期和凸性分析加以结合,以实现良好的免疫。     

Are There Rational Speculative Bubbles in REITs?

This study tests for the presence of rational speculative bubbles in the Equity REIT industry. We analyze REIT prices using a vector of macroeconomic fundamentals. Using the unit root test and cointegration procedures, we find no evidence of rational bubbles in the REIT market. Tests for duration dependence in the returns series show no evidence of negative duration dependence, suggesting that REIT markets are not affected by rational bubbles. Applying the same tests, we find no evidence of rational speculative bubbles in the Russell 2000 index, a proxy for small-cap stocks.     

路径依赖视角下先进制造业数字化转型组态路径研究

基于演化经济地理学领域的路径依赖理论、路径突破理论和区域产业演化路径模型,构建先进制造业发展路径模型,结合TOE理论框架,从组态视角构建先进制造业数字化转型驱动因素模型,运用模糊集定性比较分析法对收集汇总的27份先进制造企业数据进行分析,应用先进制造业发展路径模型,从路径依赖视角探讨组态路径检验结果。研究表明,各维度任意单一前因条件均不能单独促成先进制造企业数字化转型;技术关联度和环境适应度在先进制造企业数字化转型过程中起重要作用;与其它类型路径相比,突破型组态路径更有可能实现先进制造企业数字化转型,依赖型组态路径并不能促进先进制造企业数字化转型的实现。     

代币发行融资研究——基于企业生存时间的视角

本文以中国境内所有的代币发行融资项目为研究对象,研究代币发行融资对初创企业生存时间的影响。研究发现,相比股权融资,代币发行融资会显著缩短初创企业的寿命。这一结论在增加控制变量和使用工具变量等方法后依然稳健。渠道检验的结果显示,代币发行融资阻碍了初创企业人力资本的进一步深化,从而缩短了企业的持续经营时间。从代币发行融资的宏观经济后果来看,代币发行融资所造成的不良影响恶化了地区的信用环境,从而显著提高了地区的融资成本。进一步研究表明,代币发行融资对初创企业的负面影响在信息披露水平较低、不受关注以及缺少媒体监督的样本中更加显著。本文揭示了代币发行融资带来的负面影响,为禁止代币发行融资等规范金融创新的政策提供了经验证据。     

Large shareholders’ shareholding and earnings’ longitudinal persistence

This paper is the first to adopt longitudinal data analysis methods, such as the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis model, hierarchical linear model and Cox proportional hazards regression model, to investigate the relationship between large shareholders’ shareholding and earnings persistence. We find that large shareholders’ shareholding has a negative effect on corporate longitudinal persistence. The large shareholders’ shareholding will increase the risk of earnings decline and strengthen the declining trend of earnings. The effects of large shareholders’ shareholding on earnings’ longitudinal persistence for SOEs are different from those for non-SOEs, the effects in the pre-crisis period are also different from those in the post-crisis period. These findings contribute to the literature by adopting longitudinal data analysis methods and present new empirical evidence on the economic consequences of large shareholders’ shareholding.